Anatolian Beyliks Period

With the decline of the Byzantine Empire in the 14th century, Bergama came under the rule of various Anatolian beyliks. Notably, the Aydinids and Sarukhanids—who were active in western Anatolia—briefly controlled the region. During this period, Islamic architecture began to appear in the city, and several religious structures were built.

The Beyliks Period marked a transitional era in which Bergama was reshaped by new cultural influences. The city’s commercial and social dynamics shifted, and elements of emerging Turkish-Islamic culture began to be seen in its urban fabric. This period came to an end with the rise of the Ottoman Empire, which introduced a new administrative structure to the region.